Argumentative essay for college: 2020

Tuesday, August 25, 2020

Explain, with reference to decided cases and statutory provisions, the Essay

Clarify, regarding chose cases and legal arrangements, the degree to which terms might be suggested into both an agreement available to be purchased of merchandise and an agreement of business - Essay Example Basically, on the off chance that you guarantee that you will accomplish something for someone else and consequently, that individual consents to pay you something, at that point you and that individual have made an agreement. An agreement can be in verbal or composed structure yet the most significant thing is that there would be an understanding particularly between two gatherings. Similarly, as indicated by the work laws of numerous nations, both the laborer and the worker are limited by certain legal guidelines that would guarantee that no gathering will penetrate the concurred agreement. In reality, when an individual has chosen to go into a concurrence with somebody, the two gatherings ought to have a shared opinion of comprehension of the idea of the agreement they would concur upon in order to maintain a strategic distance from strife and misjudging later on. There various elements that are thought about while framing a legitimate agreement between two gatherings. The most significant thing in the development of a legitimate agreement is that there must be an understanding between the gatherings in question. There ought to be shared comprehension between the two gatherings included to keep away from superfluous clash later on. Each gathering is relied upon to be clear about the terms and states of the agreement else it might be invalid if the other party included doesn't know about the substance of the understanding. Shaping an understanding depends on the thought that each gathering knows about the authoritative commitments to satisfy which are legitimately official. Another key component for the arrangement of a substantial agreement is its legitimateness. A substantial agreement should fit in with the standards and estimations of the general public. For example, if an individual vows to take something so as to receive installment conse quently, at that point this agreement is unsatisfactory since it is against the cultural standards and qualities. The gatherings going into an agreement ought to have the lawful capacity to do as such. In some random situation, minors may not go into a legitimate agreement with grown-ups since it

Saturday, August 22, 2020

FIFA World Cup 2014 In Brazil Essay

In 2014 Brazil will have one of the most significant rivalries for the games. It is the FIFA world cup. It will be the twentieth authority FIFA world cup and it will occur between June 12 and July 14 of 2014. This is the twentieth release of this opposition and will be challenged by the menÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s national groups from the 208 part relationship of the FIFA. Brazil will be have the opposition for the subsequent time. The first run through was in 1950 just after the World War 2. The two world cups before the one out of 1950 got dropped in view of the war. Seventeen urban communities demonstrated enthusiasm for being picked as world cup have urban areas, yet for the most part FIFA just affirms 8 to 10 urban areas so they wound up picking 12 urban communities in 12 distinct states. The last game will occur in Rio de Janeiro at the Macarana arena. The initial service should occur at Sao PauloÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s football club arena however specialized issues wouldnÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t permit it so a fresh out of the plastic new arena will be constructed only for the world cup. Rio de Janeiro is one of the most mainstream urban areas and is the second biggest urban areas of Brazil, containing 6.3 million individuals and it is well known for the samba, jubilee and the Christ of Redeemer. Maracana is their head and greatest arena. It was worked for the world cup in 1050. It was remodeled in 2006 and fits 82 000 individuals however in the days it used to fit right around 200 000 individuals. Sao Paulo is likewise a famous city. Sao Paulo is the biggest city in So uth and Central America. The populace utilize a ton of open transportation since vehicles are over the top expensive and there is a ton of traffic. Sao Paulo is known as the Ã¢â‚¬Å"motor of the economyÃ¢â‚¬ in light of the fact that a great deal of huge organizations has their bases in Sao Paulo.

Friday, July 31, 2020

IB vs DE Courses-the Pros and Cons - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

AP/IB vs DE Courses-the Pros and Cons - UGA Undergraduate Admissions AP/IB vs DE Courses-the Pros and Cons Every year, one of the most asked questions for UGA Admissions concerns whether students should take Advanced Placement/International Baccalaureate courses or Dual Enrollment courses. As you can guess, our standard reply is It Depends. This is not a cop out answer, but rather it is based on the students actual situation. What courses are available at the high school? What options does the student have with colleges in their community? What is the course preparation leading up to these classes, and what is the student ready for academically? What future colleges is the student considering, and what are these colleges credit policies on AP/IB/DE work? As you can guess, this is not always our most popular answer (right up there with the parental favorite Because I said so.). This is my attempt at giving you the potential positives and negatives of each choice. AP and IB Coursework Potential Positives Most colleges around the US will give credit for strong test scores on either AP or IB exams, with limitations set by each college. AP and IB coursework is consistent worldwide, so the student, the school and the college all know what is expected. Yes, there are variations based on schools and teachers, but the curriculum is standardized. AP and IB students are able to get an idea of the level of work needed for a college-level class while still in a high school course. Taking AP/IB courses in your high school allows a student to remain active in high school activities and events, as they stay on their HS campus. AP and IB students are in classes with other people who are looking to really challenge themselves in their coursework and in class interactions/projects. Potential Negatives Obtaining college credit for AP/IB exams is not consistent nationwide, and there is the potential to not receive any credit for a lower exam score. At times, there are limitations on the variety of AP/IB courses offered at a high school. There is a cost associated with AP/IB exams, which while not huge, can still be daunting for some students and families. Dual Enrollment Coursework Potential Positives The availability of dual enrollment options is very widespread, and this is especially important for students who attend a high school with no AP/IB courses. In addition, the wide range of courses offered for dual enrollment students at each college is great. If you pass a DE course, a majority of public colleges (and some private ones) will award you credit for the courses. For students in some states, the cost of a dual enrollment course is minimal. If you are attending dual enrollment courses at a local college, you are in class with true college students, which allows DE students a chance to both see and learn from this experience. Students also are able to get an idea of the level of work needed for a college-level class. Potential Negatives The consistency of dual enrollment colleges and courses varies greatly, so make sure you choose locations and courses which will prepare you for upper level major courses at your potential future colleges. A number of very competitive colleges might not accept dual enrollment coursework, and it varies depending on whether the DE course is taught on the college campus or on in the high school (HS campus DE is sometimes referred to as Concurrent Enrollment by colleges). Dual Enrollment courses will remain on your permanent record, so if you are looking at graduate school programs or if you really struggle in a DE class, this could be an issue. When UGA calculates an overall college GPA, DE work is a part of this calculation. I hope this has answered some questions for you, or at least stimulated some questions. Please know that this is not a full or exhaustive list of the pros and cons for each, as each individual situation brings its own unique pluses and minuses. In the end, admissions offices cannot recommend what you should take, as this should be determined after a meeting with the student, the parents and a school official. Good luck, and Go Dawgs!

Friday, May 22, 2020

Interdire - French Verb Conjugations

Sunday, May 10, 2020

Cultural Revoluation in China - 863 Words

One of the most significant changes occurred in the wake of the Cultural Revolution. During the revolution itself, China was virtually cut off from the rest of the world in a form of extreme Ã¢â‚¬Å"cultural protectionismÃ¢â‚¬ (Hong, 1998, p.2). There was a severe lack of cultural imports during the Cultural Revolution, regardless of whether they were industrial or cultural imports. However, under Deng XiaopingÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s leadership, an era of reform began in China. The nation began to open itself up politically and economically, leading to widespread importation of foreign products during the 1980s. Some of the complexities of Chinese media start to emerge during this period, particularly in the interaction between global and local forces. The importation of Western goods is a combination of both internal and external factors. From a global or external standpoint, factors include the popularity of Western products, the rise of global trade, and worldwide technological development. On the other hand, internal factors deal more with changes in government intervention, new media policies, and shifts in the makeup of society itself (Hong, 1998, p.3). With the opening up of China in the 1980s, the country soon became one of the biggest buyers in the global television programming market. Massive importation soon led to imitation, as can be seen in the importation and imitation of telenovelas. In this case, it was specifically the impact of the global product being consumed in a local market that

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Chemistry Study Guide Free Essays

Wednesday, April 29, 2020

Madison Vs. Marshall Essays - James Madison, United States

Madison Vs. Marshall Upon the Declaration of Independence, a plan of confederation was offered to be prepared for the colonies. This plan, known as The Articles of Confederation, established a league of friendship among the states rather than a national government. The most significant fact about the created government was its weakness, it could not enforce even the limited powers it had. In James Madisons words, in his Federalist Paper #10 complaints are everywhere heardthat our governments are too unstable. The states had won their freedom but had been unable to form a nation. They fought among themselves, suffered from severe economic depression, and came close to losing the peace they had won in war. These political and economic factors generated pressure for the creation of a new national government and a constitution. In Madisons view, politics was overrun by different factions, which were groups of people who shared the same interests, different from other people or the opinion of the whole. These factions, he thought, prevented the government from its most important task, which in his opinion was to protect the owners of the land and property. The ownership of the land was divided according to peoples different skills, faculties, and according to Madison, the protection of these faculties is the first object of the government. And since the majority of the people were farmers and poor, and since those who hold and those who are without property have ever formed distinct interests in society, Madison wanted a constitution that would give the government the power to control the majority. In his address to the American Bar Association, Thurgood Marshall criticizes the constitution by saying that I do not believe that the meaning of the Constitution was forever fixed at the Philadelphia convention. In his opinion the government that they devised was defective from the beginning, meaning that the Constitution required several amendments before it became what people today consider as the basic structure of the American government. The constitution is very different today than what the framers began to construct two centuries ago. Marshall thinks that there was much wrong with the original document, he finds many inherent defects, but is willing to admit that it was a product of its times and embodied a compromise that, under other circumstances, would not have been made. By this he means the contradiction between promising liberty and justice for all and denying both from blacks. He seems very bitter about the events in history considering the black people as he says t hat the Constitution, as originally written was a document that laid a foundation for the tragic events that were to follow, meaning slavery. But what both Madison and Marshall agree on, is that the constitution was not perfect and complete in the beginning, it required amendments. The word democracy was not popular at the Constitutional convention in Philadelphia, because at the time it meant rule by the masses, and the framers thought that majority rule would be mob rule. According to Madison such democracieshave ever been found incompatible with personal security, or the rights of property. At that time it was difficult for the average person to be aware of national issues, and thats why a republic, a representative democracy was created. Madison wanted a system of representation, which would not allow the majority rule, in his opinion the representatives would be more enlightened than the average people. Also because of the size of the area, it was easier than direct democracy. The constitution left voting requirements up to the state government, and only free white males were allowed to participate. Madison didnt believe in the equality of all citizens, as he says by reducing mankind to a perfect equality in their political rights, they would, at the same time, be perfectly equalized and assimilated in their possessions, their opinions, and their passions. This idea, rage foran equal division of property, or for any other improper or wicked project, seems impossible and dangerous to him. Considering majority rule as a part of the definition of democracy, in Thurgood Marshalls opinion the Founding Fathers did not have in mind the majority of the American people when they used the phrase

Friday, March 20, 2020

School Environment Essays

School Environment Essays School Environment Paper School Environment Paper Describe the School Environment (Observation Essay) Rondo Central Elementary School has a good environment. It is surrounded by many colorful ornamental plants and trees which are refreshing and nice to look at. As Ive entered the school, observed that the surroundings were clean and well-managed. We went to the principals office to have permission and a purpose that we would be conducting an observation. I noticed that the office was clean, floors properly polished and wings were well-arranged. When I went to the classroom, I observed many wall displays and learning materials such as charts and flash cards. It looked nice, attractive and suitable for the age group of the pupils. They also have mini-library consisting Of different kinds Of books which were in good condition and well-arranged in the cabinet rack. While walking on the school corridors, I observed that they have a school garden filled with vegetables of different kinds. It was well-managed with fences made of bamboo for protection. Their playground was wide suitable for motor activities of the pupils. They also have H. E room and Industrial Workshop Area which were clean and things are well-arranged. Then took a break and went to the canteen to have my snacks, I observed that their canteen was clean and foods being sold were nutritious. Classroom Facilities Matrix Classroom Facilities Description (location, number ,arrangements and conditions) Wall Displays There are many wall displays in the classroom such as pictures showing polite expressions, adding numbers and many more. It is in proper arrangement and in good condition. 2. Teachers Table There are two teachers table. One table is located in front of the pupils and the other one is located near the door. The two tables are covered with plastic and are nice and attractive. 3. Learners Desks There are 16 learners desks. It is grouped in 4 rows with 4 desks in each row composed of 2 students per desk. It is in good condition and are arranged well. 4. Blackboard There are 2 big blackboards being used located in front of the pupils. It is lightly clean because there are some chalk mess. 5. Learning Materials or Visual Aids There are many learning materials or visual diseased such as books,charts and etc. Some are in good condition while others are not. It is properly placed. 6 . Comfort Room There is only one CRY , located on the right side of the room at the back side corner. It is clean and theres enough water. 7. Mini-Library It is located on the left side of the room. It has lots of books are properly arranged. Others are in good condition while others are not.

Wednesday, March 4, 2020

How to Make Distilled Water

How to Make Distilled Water Distilled water is purified water produced by condensing steam or water vapor from impure water, such as well water, seawater, tap water, snow, streams, or even plants or damp rock. You can distill water to further purify the water you have, to make drinking water for emergencies, or to obtain water while on camping trips. There are several methods for making distilled water, so you can save yourself some money and distill it yourself rather than buying it at the store. Which of several methods to use to distill water depends on the resources you have available and whether you are distilling impure water or have to get water from the air or plants. Distill Water on Your Stove, Grill or Campfire You can make distilled water over a stove, grill, or campfire quite easily. You need a large container of water, a smaller collection container that either floats in the first container or can be propped up above the water level, a rounded or pointed lid that fits the big containerÃ‚ (turned upside down so that when the steam condenses, the water drips into your smaller container), and some ice. Here is a recommended material list: 5-gallon stainless steel or aluminum potRounded lid for the potGlass or metal bowl that floats inside the potIce cubesHot pads Fill the large pot partly full of water.Set the collection bowl in the pot. The plan is to collect water dripping from the center of the inverted pan lid, so choose the size of the bowl to make sure the distilled water wont just drip back into the main pot.Set the pot lid upside down on the pot. When you heat the water, water vapor will rise up to the lid, condense into droplets, and fall into your bowl.Turn on the heat for the pan. The water needs to get very hot, but its OK if it doesnt boil.Put ice cubes on top of the lid of the pot. The cold will help to condense the steam in the pot into liquid water.When complete, turn off the heat and use care to remove the bowl of distilled water. Store distilled water in a clean, preferably sterile container (dishwasher clean or else immersed in boiling water). Use a container intended for long-term storage of water because other containers may have contaminants that would leach into your water over time, undoing all your work to get pure water. Collect Water in an Outside Container A similar method is to heat water in a pot but collect the distilled water in an outside container. You can be as creative as you like with your setup for this. Just be sure to collect the distilled water and not the pot water. One option is to use a funnel over the boiling water container that is connected to the collection bottle with aquarium tubing. For the funnel to drain into your collection bottle, you want to empty the tubing at a lower level than the funnel. Otherwise, the method is the same. The advantages include safety (you dont need to wait for the pot to cool to get your water) and reduced risk of contamination from the source water. Contamination is not a big concern when youre purifying rain or tap water but may be more of a consideration if youre trying to make nonpotable water safe enough to drink. Distill Water From Rain or Snow Rain and snow are two forms of naturally distilled water. Water evaporates from the ocean, lakes, rivers, and the land and condenses in the atmosphere to fall as precipitation. Unless you live in a highly polluted area, the water is pure and safe to drink. (Do not collect rainwater that comes off an asphalt shingle roof through the gutters for this procedure.) Collect rain or snow in a clean container. Allow a day or so for any sediment to fall to the bottom of the bowl. In most cases, you can pour off the clean water and drink it as-is; however, you can include additional filtration steps, such as running the water through a coffee filter or boiling it. Water keeps best if its refrigerated, but you can keep it indefinitely in a clean, sealed container at room temperature, too. Use Home Distillation Kits Unless youre collecting rain or snow, water distillation costs money because it uses fuel or electricity to heat the source water. Its cheaper to buy bottled distilled water than it is to make it on your stove. However, if you use a home distiller, you can make distilled water more cheaply than you can buy it. Home distillation kits range in price from about $100 to several hundred dollars. If youre making distilled water for drinking, the less expensive kits are fine. More expensive kits are used for lab work or for processing large volumes of water to supply water needs for an entire house. Distill Water From Plants or Mud While out camping or in serious emergency situations, you can distill water from virtually any source of water. If you understand the basic principle, you likely can imagine many potential setups. Heres an example of a method used to extract water from desert plants. Note that this is a time-consuming process. Green plantsPlastic wrapCoffee can or other clean containerSmall rocks Dig a hole in the ground in a sunny location.Place the coffee can in the center of the bottom of the hole to collect the water.Pile up damp plants in the hole around the coffee can.Cover the hole with a piece of plastic wrap. You can secure it using rocks or dirt. Ideally, you want to seal the plastic so no moisture escapes. The greenhouse effectÃ‚ will trap heat inside the plastic, aiding in the evaporation of the water.Place a pebble in the center of the plastic wrap to create a small depression. As water evaporates, the vapor will condense on the plastic and fall where you created the depression, dripping into the can. You can add fresh plants to keep the process going. Avoid using poisonous plants containing volatile toxins because they will contaminate your water. Cacti and ferns are good choices, where they are available. Ferns are edible, too.

Monday, February 17, 2020

Image-based Advertisement Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Image-based Advertisement Analysis - Essay Example Ã‚ The Ethos of the advert is questionable, considering the fact that; while the advert is targeting to reach the African clients of the Air France travel company, the author of the advert did not have the courtesy of using an African model. Instead, the advert has used a white model to reach the target customers who are Africans, an indication that Air France does not really perceive the African clients it targets, as owning the airline image. The ethos of the image-based advertisement would have been courteous and appropriate if a black woman model was used as the image in this advert, since it could indicate that Air France really values the African clients, to the extent of allowing them to own the companyÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s image. On the contrary, the advert has applied the image of a white model, and Ã¢â‚¬ËœAfricanizedÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ her through wrapping her head with the characteristic African headscarf mostly worn by African women of class. This creates an ethos contrast surrounding whether the author of the advert really understood the African people, culture and values. Would it not have been more appropriate to portray the image of an African woman-model against a white background? This also raises the question; did the author of the advertisement really have the cultural authority to speak to an African audience? On the other hand, the pathos of the image-based advert is effective in appealing to the emotions of the African air-travel clientele as the target audience of this advertisement.

Monday, February 3, 2020

Chalenges in Developing Journal Body Paragraph Essay

Chalenges in Developing Journal Body Paragraph - Essay Example In most cases, I find it challenging to support my prejudices, assumptions and stereotypes. Occasionally, most of my body paragraphs are less logical and appealing. Misplaced statements, clichÃƒ ©s and metaphors are also common in my body paragraphs. Another major challenge during the development of body paragraph is coherency and consistency. The information volumes from different sources are sometimes misleading from the main topic hence making the body paragraph lose consistency. Ã‚ Revisions remain the most challenging process in writing since it involves various aspects. In most instances, revisions are demanding given the clientÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s ultimatums and requests. However, with revision plans, revisions are less problematic. Focusing on the paper weaknesses remains my biggest revision strategy. While doing the paper, I am always aware of areas that were problematic. Therefore, I always plan early in areas that I felt I was weak. Ã‚ Creating consistency and focus in my papers remains my greatest challenge. The fact that in normally acquire information from different sources, in most cases, they end up misleading me during the paper development. In fact, it makes my paper loose consistency. I also tend to lose focus from the main argument and the thesis. Another challenge that I always experience is creating an effective paper flow within the paragraphs. In most cases, I end up losing track of the topic. Addressing consistency and flow within the paper depends on continuous practice and revisions.

Saturday, January 25, 2020

Can Legalistic mechanisms be effectively used to promote organizational safety

Can Legalistic mechanisms be effectively used to promote organizational safety Can legalistic mechanisms such as corporate liability be effectively used to promote organizational safety? Use two specific cases to illustrate your argument. In the era of globalisation and battle of business for expansion to foreign markets, large organisations in a form of legal entities (i.e. corporations) is seem to be taking the dominant role over the worlds economy. The growing size of corporations, their complexity and control of immense resources provides ground for misconduct that often results in adverse effects to both individuals and the community. Great numbers of incidents that resulted in a large scale harms caused to society in the past decades has brought the responsibility of corporate misbehaviour and the way they treat risks to many debates both in professional and lay public. The idea of attempting to manage organisational risks is recognized as a relatively new concept (Institute of Lifelong Learning, 2006: 5-6) and the complexity of social interactions of individuals that constitute organisations adjacent to fast development of advanced technologies in contemporary society may prove for identification of hazardous circumstances that affect safety within organisations, extremely challenging. As observed by the Institute of Lifelong Learning (2006: 5-6) there are some acknowledged professional and academic courses in Britain, but since the management of organisational risks is not a mature activity, it does not possess the same level of legitimacy that some other institutionalised concepts do. It appears that legal reforms in Europe and some other countries intend to make it easier to impose legal sanctions on corporations for serious wrongdoings. One might suggest that such reforms are logical consequence of some mayor harms produced by corporations that were later unsuccessfully prosecuted under existing laws and deemed insufficient to protect the public interests. In the United Kingdom (UK) some large scale accidents such as the train crash at Paddington, the fire at Kings Cross underground station, the capsizing of the ferry Herald of Free Enterprise are few that were catalysts for reforms making it easier to impose strict liability on corporations for physical injuries or deaths. The adoption of Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007 might be perceived as an important indicator of these reforms. This paper will examine a much controversial aspects of the extent to which risk management regimes should be more or less blame orientated (Hood et al., 1996: 46) and, Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ whether, in the event of an avoidable accident, the company as well as (or perhaps rather than) identified individuals might or should be held morally or legally responsible for an act or omission (Institute of Lifelong Learning 2006, 4-22). The essay question opens a much discussed notion of corporate liability which this paper will discuss in the context of organisational aspects of health and safety as an integral part of managing risks in organisations. The essay will also discuss legislative aspects that are regulating corporate responsibility. However, the intention of the author is not to summarize the arguments on legislation basis in detail. It needs to be recognized that legislation that regulates corporate responsibility varies worldwide. Therefore, the paper will discuss some of the broader aspects that might affect health and safety compliance in organisations. Finally this essay will throughout the discourse provide an argument that strict financial and legal liability posed on corporate bodies can significantly contribute to a better organisational safety. This will be achieved by using two specific cases for discussion in order to support the argument. The case studies used in the discussion are the fire at Kings Cross underground station in London, UK in 1987 and the fire of the cable car in Kaprun, Austria in 2000. Definitions of terms For further discussion the key terms from the essay question needs to be defined. Bergman, (2000: 20) in his critical perspectives on corporate responsibility in UK uses the term company and corporate in the context of Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦companies set up with a view to profit that have been registered under the Companies Act 1985. In the same explanation, he further also considers a set of those companies that befalls under variety of other legal provisions, including a number of organisations in public sector. Despite some important distinctions can be made, this essay considers the term of corporation, company and organisation in the same context, with potential to produce a certain kind of harm. According to online dictionary a corporation is Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦a large company or group of companies authorized to act as a single entity and recognized as such in law; and liability is Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the state of being legally responsible for something (Ask Oxford, 2010). In order to merge the terms, this paper will use the definition on corporate liability of another internet source, namely Wise Geek (2010), which defines corporate liability Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦as an assessment of the activities that a corporation may be held legally liable for in a court of law. The general point to be made here is that in principle a corporation can be held legally liable as a single entity for corporate activities (acts or omissions) that is breaching the law through the group or an individual it employs. Such breaches of law might have severe adverse effects on society, resulting in harm to health and safety of either the people or environment, where health is regarded more in the context of wellbeing of people. For further discussion the definition of the term safety is taken from a dictionary. Shorter Oxford (1973; quoted in Institute of Lifelong Learning, 2006: 4-11) regards safety as: The state of being safe; exemption from hurt or injury; freedom from danger the quality of being unlikely to cause hurt or injury; freedom from dangerousness; safeness. In order to merge the terms health and safety in the context of organisational structures and their legal responsibilities, the example is taken from an explanation provided by the Institute of Lifelong Learning (2006: 4-7), which argues that the term is not only about enforcement of legislation related to protection of employees. The argument goes Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦It is much more of a generic concept, which has developed the status of an ethos, Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦which is demonstrated by the use of the term `Safety Culture for the attitude of an organisation towards risk-taking. One might already observe that targeting the essay question in the context of effectiveness of corporate liability towards organisational safety in an affirmative manner might be considerably narrow. It becomes visible that managing safety in organisational framework requires further examination in a broader context of Risk, Crisis and Disaster management, if complementary progress on safety through imposed strict liability measures on corporations desires to be achieved. However, before the discussion on specific case studies, the term safety culture requires additional attention, since it was illustrated that it might play an important role in attitudes towards risk taking in an organisational context. Explanations of the term safety culture flourish. A very concise one was given by the CBI (1990) as the way we do things around here. Pidgeon et al. (1991: 249) define safety culture as those sets of norms, rules, roles, beliefs, attitudes and social and technical practices within an organisation which are concerned with minimising the exposure of individuals to conditions considered to be dangerous. As such defines individuals attitude and beliefs about organisations, their perceptions of risks and the importance, practicality and effectiveness of controls regarding organisational safety. The case studies The case studies used in this paper are both disastrous events caused by the sudden occurrence of fire which resulted in fatal outcome to many involved. The first, fire at Kings Cross underground station in London in 1987 claimed the lives of 31 people and injured many more. The fire followed a number of less serious hazardous fire incidents on the London Underground. The official report concluded the immediate cause of the fire as a failure to clean and lubricate the running tracks of the escalator where the fire took place after the match fell (Department of Transport, 1988; quoted in Bergman, 2000: 24). Kletz (2001: 116) argued that approximately 20 fires per year between 1958 and 1967 were Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦called smoulderings to make them seem less serious. Similarly, the November 1988 Public Inquiry report observes the London Underground managements reaction to earlier escalator fires from 1956 to 1988 as imperfect, describing the managements approach as reactive rather than proactive (Department of Transport, 1988; quoted in Bergman, 2000: 24). In particular, the report summed up in the evidence of the then Director General of the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents, that many recommendations after previous fires: Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦had not been adequately considered by senior managers and there was no way to ensure that they were circulated, considered and acted upon. Londons Underground failure to carry through the proposals resulting from earlier fires such as the provision of automatic sprinklers, the need to ensure all fire equipment was correctly positioned and serviceable, identification of alternative means of escape and the need to train staff to react properly and positively in emergencies was a failure which I believe contributed to the disaster at Kings Cross. (Department of Transport, 1988; in Bergman, 2000: 25) Despite the fact that the report recognized collective failure for disaster from the level of most senior managers downwards over many years to minimise the risk of fire outbreaks, the sound blame was placed mainly to senior management of the company. The official report into the disaster claims the responsibility of management systems as playing a significant role in development of precipitating causes that triggered the disaster (Fennell, 1989; in Institute of Lifelong Learning, 2006: 3-5). However, was the applicability of existing legal instruments effective enough to reach the corporate decision makers and to what extent? Apparently, at the time of the accident there were sufficient instruments in place to find the London Underground legally liable for a criminal act of manslaughter or for a lesser offence under the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 (Bergman, 2000: 29). Regardless sustainable grounds provided for legal punishment, the London Underground and its senior managers gained immunity from any form of criminal accountability (Bergman 2000: 29). It is beyond the scope of this paper to examine further in details all the failures that led to disaster and the debates that followed in the aftermath. Though, the failures summed above can already pinpoint that organisational safety culture was poorly maintained. The November 1988 Public Inquiry report specifically stated that the London Undergrounds understanding of statutory responsibilities for health and safety at work was mistaken and that many of the shortcomings which led to the disaster had been identified in earlier investigations and in reports by the fire brigade, the police and the Railway Fire Prevention and Fire Standards Committee (Department of Transport, 1988; in Bergman, 2000: 24-25). This exemplifies that the London Underground management was made aware of non-compliance with safety standards. Even though a history of small fire outbreaks was excessive, the London Underground failed to consider reported hazards seriously and to introduce safe guards to minimise t he risk of a fire with a potential for large scale loss of life. Such a conclusion stands much in favour of those who argue that Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦effective risk management depends on the design of incentive structures that place strict financial and legal liability onto those who are in the best position to take action to minimize the risk (Hood Jones, 1996: 46). The claim is that: Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦if liability is not precisely targeted on specific and appropriate decision-makers, a poorly designed institutional incentive structure will allow avoidable accidents to occur. Without close targeting of liability, there will be too little incentive for care to be taken by those decision-makers in organizations who are capable of creating hazards, and (the argument goes) risk externalization will be encouraged. Policies should, therefore, aim to support expanded corporate legal liability, more precisely targeted insurance premium practices, and regulatory policies that have the effect of criminalizing particular management practices and of laying sanctions directly on key decision- makers within corporations, rather than trusting corporations as undifferentiated legal persons. (cf. Fisse Braithwaite, 1988; in Hood Jones, 1996: 46) Was the looseness of regulatory and legal instruments in hands of the safety investigators that did not make it possible to enforce the London Underground to remove the identified hazards and that led to the disaster, this paper was not able to fully determine. However, it is of believe that strict liability imposed on those who represent a guiding mind and will of the company for non-compliance with safety regulations, would be effective to prevent an avoidable accident to occur. An absence of criminal charges against the senior company managers might to some extent support a positive answer on the essay question with Bergmans argument in criticising the authorities of their failure to prosecute directors. He suggested that it is often argued that only when proper action is taken against directors-with a real threat of imprisonment-will other companies take notice (Bergman, 2000: 90). Though, some wider perspectives of corporate liability in relation to organisational safety need to be further discussed before any conclusions drawn. This brings the discussion to the next case study, where all the regulations were complied and yet the disaster occurred. The second example that this essay considers is the fire of a funicular train in a tunnel that happened near Kaprun, Austria in November 2000. The fire on a Gletscherbahnen Kapruns funicular railway, carrying 167 people up to the Kitzsteinhorn glacier claimed lives of 152 passengers on board, the driver of the second train in the tunnel and two people near the top portal of the tunnel. In total 155 people lost their lives, injured not tallied (the total number of people involved in the incident varies throughout different articles. Figures presented in this paper are matching the majority of them). The 12 survivors who managed to escape out of the train through smashed windows were those who fled downhill away from the smoke. Others who fled uphill were overcome by smoke and fume. Those survived witnessed that smoke was emanating from the rears driver cabin before the train entered the 3.5 kilometres long and 3.6 meters wide tunnel with an average incline of 45 degrees. The immediate cause of the fire was a leaky tube of hydraulic oil that came into contact with a glowing heater at the rear cabin, nearby wooden panels and isolation materials. After the heater caught fire, the hydraulic line exploded and the oil was sprayed into the flames. This was stated as the reason why flames spread so quickly. The official results of the investigations confirmed belief of the experts that fire was caused by an electric heating ventilator, which was illegally installed into the drivers cabin (Transit Cooperative Research Program, 2006: 26-28; Beard Carvel, 2005: 6; Faure Hartlief, 2006: 31). Although the train driver reported the blaze to his base station, the train continued and stopped 600 meters into the tunnel. Following, as the Transit Cooperative Research Program (2006) suggests that: Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the fire continued and the steep tunnel acted like a giant chimney, sucking air in from the bottom and sending toxic smoke billowing upwards. Despite an alarm signal and contact with the base station instructing the driver to open the doors, the train stayed at the location with its door sealed. Later investigation revealed that this was the immediate cause of death of most of the passengers. (Transit Cooperative Research Program, 2006: 27) Some observed that the accident has parallels with the Kings Cross fire. As Transit Cooperative Research Program (2006: 28) suggests that the Kings Cross escalator shaft at the centre of the fire had a 30 degree incline that, like the Kaprun fire created a chimney effect. The Kaprun blaze moved faster because of the steeper incline. Though, unlike the Kings Cross disaster, where several small fires were excessively observed before the accident, in the Kaprun case a regular inspection of an independent civil technicians performed two months before the first day of skiing season and also the day of the accident, has found no safety breaches or non-compliances with safety regulations. However, does that make the existing safe guards to prevent the accident sufficient and, nonetheless, the Gletscherbahnen Kaprun any less culpable for the disaster? As Tyler (2000) put forward Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦there was no sprinkler system to put out the flames in the tunnel, fireproof emergency refuges or an evacuation tunnel through which the passengers might have escaped. The BBC News (2004) stated that Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the blaze was worsened by the fact that the tunnel was not lit, had only one narrow service stairway and the doors of the train could not be opened by the trapped passengers from the inside. Another author (Beier, Unknown: 3) in his paper claims that there were no emergency exits, lights or a method to pull the burning train out of the tunnel. Similarly the Transit Cooperative Research Program (2006: 28) stated that the train did not have enough fire extinguishers and that an evacuation drill never took place. The listed above illustrates that significant safety measures were ignored downwards many years of operating the Gletscherbahnen Kapruns funicular train. In recognition of that, sixteen people including company officials, technicians and government inspectors were arrested and charged with criminal negligence. The centre of the prosecution was to claim liability for those responsible for installing and servicing a non-regulation heater in the drivers cabin, which sparked the blaze by leaking oil. However, on February 19, 2004, Austrian court acquitted all sixteen with explanation of the judge in Salzburg that Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦there was insufficient evidence to find the 16 train operators, suppliers and inspectors responsible for the blaze (BBC News, 2004). The appellate court in Linz in 2005 confirmed the verdict of the Salzburg court with the decision that no criminal acts were demonstrated despite the obvious failure to take care. The defendants had complied with the regulations ( Beier, Unknown, 3). Many affected announced that they would continue with civil proceedings. Though, these cases are still pending. The main problem was that designers of the electric heater complied with the existing regulations. However, the regulations failed to distinguish required standards for different types of trains. The design of the heater installed was inappropriate for a train in a tunnel and obviously different hazards were not foreseen. As Beier (Unknown, 4) argues: A horrible risk caused entirely by the design and construction of the technical system had slipped through the entire legal and regulatory system because everyone focused on the compliance with the regulation not whether the system was safe. As he suggested in the paper, no one thought about a fire nor did regulators ask anyone to think about it (Beier, Unknown: 3). One of the conclusions drawn by Beier (Unknown: 4) on Kapruns accident is that even major companies will do only the exact minimum to comply with regulations and that compliance with regulations does not guarantee a safe outcome. It is important that, he as many argues that simple product can create extremely complex risk systems and assuming that risks in technologically advanced -complex systems can be effectively managed by regulations they might prove as inefficient as in the case of Kaprun disaster. However, short before the accident in Kaprun took place, there were several occurrences of disastrous events that befell the road and rail tunnel users in the Alps and elsewhere (BBC News, 2000). Therefore, it should not be neglected that the Gletscherbahnen Kaprun managers together with the authorities inherently failed in the management of organizational risks by, as Toft and Reynolds (1994; quoted in Institute of Lifelong Learning 2006: 5-10) suggest, not taking advantage of the l essons learned by others. Conclusion The case studies revealed serious recklessness of the companies in their regard to safety, which unfortunately in both cases resulted in disastrous events with great losses of lives, many injured and large numbers of grievous families that lost their loved. Despite the fact that great harm was caused to society, neither companies nor their managers were prosecuted or found guilty in front of court for any kind of criminal behaviour. Though, it needs to be recognised that the concept of criminal corporate liability is only one perspective in a broader context of responsibility claimed in case of corporate wrongdoing. In the case of Kings Cross fire it is suggested that strict liability imposed on senior managers could stipulate the companys proactive respond in dealing with identified hazards that later led to disaster. In the case of Kaprun fire the possibilities for cross-organisational isomorphism to cover the gap of being unaware of the consequences that could happen and actually did happen, were obviously missed. In both cases this paper suggest that the companies regarded safety with gross negligence, with the main aim to do only exact minimum to comply with safety standards and regulations. Bergman argues that: Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦unlike the minds of individuals, which cannot be re-modelled, the components of a company can be analysed and reformed. New policies can be adopted, new job positions created and new management systems set up. The organisational defects of a company itspsyche can be taken into pieces and put together. Unsafe companies can be turned into safe ones. (Bergman, 2000: 99) Both companies operated in an inherently unsafe manner before the accidents occurred and responded with significant safety improvements only after the disasters. One might argue that such safety improvements were not out of sight in terms of available resources on both sides already before the accidents. With strict financial and legal liability incentives, avoidable accidents might be prevented. Bergman (2000: 90) argues that Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦there is a great need to increase the accountability of directors and senior company officers; the backbone of any system of deterrence in preventing corporate harm, must be action against those in control of the company. There are many that are sceptical of such an argument and consider it as possibly ineffective or even counterproductive. Such opponents can point to some other policy areas where criminalization leads to the adoption of artificial legal devices to limit liability, rather than to real changes in behaviour (The Royal Society, 1992: 157-158). Fitzgerald (1986; quoted in Hood Jones, 1996: 62) claims that Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦person should not be punished for occurrences over which they could not exercise no controlÃƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦if such targeting is to be implemented, then it must be accurate. Indeed, safety concerns should not be placed in the hands of management only. It should be overall responsibility of all aspects within organisational structures. However, it should be vested at the highest level of each organization (Bergmann 2000: 126). Wells (quoted in Hood Jones, 1996: 60) suggest, Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦if safety managers want to make themselves weatherproof, their barometers need to be tuned as much to the pressure of social constructions of accidents as to the legal categories into which they potentially be placed. The managers should exercise whatever is reasonably possible to prevent avoidable accidents to occur. Therefore, incentive structures that place legal liability on those corporate bodies that are in the best position to take action to minimize risks can be an effective mechanism to promote organisational safety. Regular safety audits or inspections could present an important instrument not only to penalize non-compliances of safety regulations, but to expo se hazardous circumstances that could develop into any mayor accidents. Gray and Scholz suggest that: Inspections imposing penalties result in improved safety because they focus managerial attention on risks that may otherwise have been overlooked. It is not the miniscule penalty that makes OSHA inspections effective in reducing injuries, but rather the concern of managers to prevent the costs associated with accidents once they are aware of the risks. (Scholz, 1997: 256)

Friday, January 17, 2020

DonÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t give up on love Essay

ShilpaÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s heart was broken by the Khiladi of Bollywood, Akshay Kumar but she never gave up on love. The rumour mills were abuzz about her Ã¢â‚¬ËœrelationshipÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ with director Anubhav Sinha, but she firmly denied them. After winning Big Brother, Shilpa went to launch her signature perfume S2 and met Raj occasionally for the launch preparations. On their first media appearance, Shilpa called Raj, her Ã¢â‚¬Ëœbusiness friendÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ but their frequent meetings soon took a personal turn. Shilpa soon announced her engagement to the world and proudly showed off the 20 carat diamond ring which had been gifted to her by Raj. A firm believer of karma and past life, Shilpa went on to say in an interview that Raj was a part of her past life and now they are back together. Lesson Learnt: So girls, no matter how many boys break your heart; donÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t ever settle for anyone except for your Mr. Right. Never embarrass your ex publicly You may be seething in anger and may want to kill your ex for two timing you, but in public, you must always be at your dignified best. Even though Shilpa was heartbroken after her break up, she has often said in interviews that there is no animosity between her and Akshay and they are good friends. Akshay and Shilpa have come face to face on a number of occasions, most recently on the celebrity dance show Nach Baliye, but Shilpa has always been pleasant to her ex-flame. Lesson Learnt: Your ex may be the devilÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s incarnate, but you should never wash the dirty linen in public. Maintain dignity under pressure Life wasnÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t easy for this gorgeous actress, but things took a turn for worse when she entered the celebrity Big Brother 5 in 2007. Racial slurs by her fellow contestants Jade Goody, Danielle Lloyd, Jack Tweed and Jo OÃ¢â‚¬â„¢Meara rattled her but she did not give up. She stayed in the house and soon emerged as BritainÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s favourite with 63 per cent votes. Not the one to hold grudges, Shilpa soon forgave Jade Goody and other contestants. She told the host of the show Davina McCall, Ã¢â‚¬Å"People make mistakes and weÃ¢â‚¬â„¢re all human beings, weÃ¢â‚¬â„¢re all fallible.Ã¢â‚¬ Lesson Learnt: In a high pressure situation, never let your attackers get to you. Keep yourself in positive spirits, maintain your dignity and always let bygones be bygones. Make time for family You may be swiftly climbing the success ladder, but donÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t forget your family in all that excitement. Shilpa decided to take a break from her acting carrer for a year after her son Viaan was born. She signed up for a couple of endorsements, but ensured that her schedule would not take up too much of her time. 1. DonÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t give up on love ShilpaÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s heart was broken by the Khiladi of Bollywood, Akshay Kumar but she never gave up on love. The rumour mills were abuzz about her Ã¢â‚¬ËœrelationshipÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ with director Anubhav Sinha, but she firmly denied them. After winning Big Brother, Shilpa went to launch her signature perfume S2 and met Raj occasionally for the launch preparations. On their first media appearance, Shilpa called Raj, her Ã¢â‚¬Ëœbusiness friendÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ but their frequent meetings soon took a personal turn.less 2. Shilpa soon announced her engagement to the world and proudly showed off the 20 carat diamond ring which had been gifted to her by Raj. A firm believer of karma and past life, Shilpa went on to say in an interview that Raj was a part of her past life and now they are back together. Lesson Learnt: So girls, no matter how many boys break your heart; donÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t ever settle for anyone except for your Mr. Right. 3. Never embarrass your ex publicly You may be seething in anger and may want to kill your ex for two timing you, but in public, you must always be at your dignified best. Even though Shilpa was heartbroken after her break up, she has often said in interviews that there is no animosity between her and Akshay and they are good friends. Akshay and Shilpa have come face to face on a number of occasions, most recently on the celebrity dance show Nach Baliye, but Shilpa has always been pleasant to her ex-flame. Lesson Learnt: Your ex may be the devilÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s incarnate, but you should never wash the dirty linen in public.less 4. Maintain dignity under pressure Life wasnÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t easy for this gorgeous actress, but things took a turn for worse when she entered the celebrity Big Brother 5 in 2007. Racial slurs by her fellow contestants Jade Goody, Danielle Lloyd, Jack Tweed and Jo OÃ¢â‚¬â„¢Meara rattled her but she did not give up. She stayed in the house and soon emerged as BritainÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s favourite with 63 per cent votes. 5. Not the one to hold grudges, Shilpa soon forgave Jade Goody and other contestants. She told the host of the show Davina McCall, Ã¢â‚¬Å"People make mistakes and weÃ¢â‚¬â„¢re all human beings, weÃ¢â‚¬â„¢re all fallible.Ã¢â‚¬ Lesson Learnt: In a high pressure situation, never let your attackers get to you. Keep yourself in positive spirits, maintain your dignity and always let bygones be bygones. 6. Make time for family You may be swiftly climbing the success ladder, but donÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t forget your family in all that excitement. Shilpa decided to take a break from her acting carrer for a year after her son Viaan was born. She signed up for a couple of endorsements, but ensured that her schedule would not take up too much of her time. 7. In an industry where actresses are always under the media scanner for their weight-issues, Shilpa says that she is no hurry to lose post-pregnancy flab. She believes Ã¢â‚¬Å"As we are in the glamour business, we are always scrutinised for our appearances and are bound to have insecurities. But for a mother, these first four months are very crucial for the childÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s health. You should not compromise with it.Ã¢â‚¬ 1. DonÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t give up on love ShilpaÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s heart was broken by the Khiladi of Bollywood, Akshay Kumar but she never gave up on love. The rumour mills were abuzz about her Ã¢â‚¬ËœrelationshipÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ with director Anubhav Sinha, but she firmly denied them. After winning Big Brother, Shilpa went to launch her signature perfume S2 and met Raj occasionally for the launch preparations. On their first media appearance, Shilpa called Raj, her Ã¢â‚¬Ëœbusiness friendÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ but their frequent meetings soon took a personal turn.less 2. Shilpa soon announced her engagement to the world and proudly showed off the 20 carat diamond ring which had been gifted to her by Raj. A firm believer of karma and past life, Shilpa went on to say in an interview that Raj was a part of her past life and now they are back together. Lesson Learnt: So girls, no matter how many boys break your heart; donÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t ever settle for anyone except for your Mr. Right. 3. Never embarrass your ex publicly You may be seething in anger and may want to kill your ex for two timing you, but in public, you must always be at your dignified best. Even though Shilpa was heartbroken after her break up, she has often said in interviews that there is no animosity between her and Akshay and they are good friends. Akshay and Shilpa have come face to face on a number of occasions, most recently on the celebrity dance show Nach Baliye, but Shilpa has always been pleasant to her ex-flame. Lesson Learnt: Your ex may be the devilÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s incarnate, but you should never wash the dirty linen in public.less 4. Maintain dignity under pressure Life wasnÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t easy for this gorgeous actress, but things took a turn for worse when she entered the celebrity Big Brother 5 in 2007. Racial slurs by her fellow contestants Jade Goody, Danielle Lloyd, Jack Tweed and Jo OÃ¢â‚¬â„¢Meara rattled her but she did not give up. She stayed in the house and soon emerged as BritainÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s favourite with 63 per cent votes. 5. Not the one to hold grudges, Shilpa soon forgave Jade Goody and other contestants. She told the host of the show Davina McCall, Ã¢â‚¬Å"People make mistakes and weÃ¢â‚¬â„¢re all human beings, weÃ¢â‚¬â„¢re all fallible.Ã¢â‚¬ Lesson Learnt: In a high pressure situation, never let your attackers get to you. Keep yourself in positive spirits, maintain your dignity and always let bygones be bygones. 6. Make time for family You may be swiftly climbing the success ladder, but donÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t forget your family in all that excitement. Shilpa decided to take a break from her acting carrer for a year after her son Viaan was born. She signed up for a couple of endorsements, but ensured that her schedule would not take up too much of her time. 7. In an industry where actresses are always under the media scanner for their weight-issues, Shilpa says that she is no hurry to lose post-pregnancy flab. She believes Ã¢â‚¬Å"As we are in the glamour business, we are always scrutinised for our appearances and are bound to have insecurities. But for a mother, these first four months are very crucial for the childÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s health. You should not compromise with it.Ã¢â‚¬ 8. In another interview when she was asked what things she would grab in case there is a fire in her home, the gorgeous actress replied, Ã¢â‚¬Å"I would just make sure that my family escapes. Material things donÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t matter.Ã¢â‚¬ Lesson Learnt: Family comes first, always! And Ladies, enjoy each and every phase of your life. Motherhood is a blessing and do not let any nasty comments about your weight or appearance affect you.

Thursday, January 9, 2020

Christian Teaching and Discussion About Euthanasia Essay

Christian Teaching and Discussion About Euthanasia The word euthanasia comes from two Greek words eu meaning good and thanatos meaning death. Literally it means a good death. Euthanasia is arranging for someone who has an incurable terminal illness to die as quickly and as painlessly as possible. It is the act of purposely aiding someone to die, instead of letting nature take its course. There are four main types of euthanasia these are: Voluntary, Involuntary, Active and Passive. Euthanasia is currently illegal in the UK, but is legal in the Netherlands and the state of Oregon however; it is still a widely discussed topic, which raises many moral questions. In this essay I will beÃ¢â‚¬ ¦show more contentÃ¢â‚¬ ¦Also the Roman Catholic Church opposes euthanasia because of the strongly taught commandment: Thou shall not kill. To add to that: the Roman Catholic Church regards the sanctity of life as an extremely important teaching and places the highest value on human life and suffering and pain do not stop life being valuable and is not a reason for ending life, therefore the Church believes that people should leave the dying process to God, not to humans who by allowing euthanasia are, for Roman Catholics, devaluing human life and making it seem disposable. Instead people should die with dignity and let them be loved unconditionally by God until the end of earthly life. Therefore Roman Catholics oppose euthanasia, this is an absolute view. The Church of Englands report in 1975 on dying well and the Methodist Churchs statement in 1974 both oppose euthanasia. They emphasise the fact that human life is sacred. However Christian views today vary with most Christians not accepting euthanasia. A Christian teaching that can be used for euthanasia is the sanctity of life. Christians believe that all life is given as a gift from God: God made man in his own image, male and female he created them. Gen Therefore because God gave life, it is a gift and it is valuable because humans are made in Gods image: God made man in his own image. Gen. Because God created humansShow MoreRelatedEuthanasia Essay example1605 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 7 PagesEuthanasia The word euthanasia comes from the Greek: eu- meaning well and thanatos meaning death, therefore euthanasia literally means to die well. It is now often understood as causing death to happen, usually because of the pain and suffering of the individual. There are three types of euthanasia: Voluntary euthanasia, when a person asks to die before or during illness. Nonvoluntary euthanasia, which occurs when a Read MoreEuthanasi The Act Of Ending989 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 PagesAlexandra Krizsan Mr. Rietema Christian Ethics December 19, 2014 Euthanasia Euthanasia is the act of ending the life of a person who is suffering from an illness or an incurable condition. Across of the world, euthanasia is illegal, except of the Netherlands and Belgium where it has been legalized. In the United States, euthanasia is legal in three states-Oregon, Washington and Montana. Supporters of euthanasia contend it is a humane way for ill people to end their pain and suffering. They contendRead MoreThe Morality Of Suicide Throughout The Ages1697 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 7 Pagescertain situations, but society generally doesnÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t define this type of act as suicide because of the stigma associated with the word itself. Suicide can be more than just killing oneself over emotional distress; it can include honorable suicide, and euthanasia, which all have further reaching implications especially when analyzed throughout history. Origin and Development According to Online Etymology, the word suicide comes from Ã¢â‚¬Å"the Latin root sui, which means oneself, and cidium meaning to killÃ¢â‚¬ (Harper)Read MoreThe Debate About Euthanasia And Euthanasia1631 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 7 PagesThe debates about euthanasia date all the way back to the 12th century. During this time, Christian values increased the publicÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s opinion against euthanasia. The church taught its followers that euthanasia not only injured individual people and their communities, but also violated GodÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s authority over life. This idea spread far and wide throughout the public until the 18th century when the renaissance and reformation writers attacked the church and its teachings. However, the public did not pay muchRead MoreThe Fight With Dignity Act1451 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 6 Pagesbehind the choices they make. The topic of euthanasia remains highly controversial in ethical, religious and social debates as well as popular views. According to the documentary, at the time when in 1994 the Oregon law sanctioning Death with Dignity Act, only two other countries Switzerland and Netherlands allowed the practice. The Death with Dignity Act differs from euthanasia, that is practiced in these two countries, in a dramatic way. As euthanasia permits an active participation of a physicianRead MoreThe Separation Of The Two Stances Lie1284 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 6 Pagesreligiously affiliated organizations are fundamentally opposed to PAS. The largest of which being the Roman Catholic Church, one of the biggest global denominations. The NSW Council of Churches explains the religious opposition, clarifying, Ã¢â‚¬Å"Christian teaching affirms the value of each individual, made in the image of God. Neither our lives or the lives of others are ours to takeÃ¢â‚¬ (Baume). In addition, allowing PAS would directly defy the BibleÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Ten Commandments, the sixth of which orders, Ã¢â‚¬ËœThouRead More Euthanasia and Religion Essay 2168 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 9 PagesEuthanasia and Religion Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ In the world today, medical technology is so advanced that a terminally ill patient can be kept alive for months or even years - sometimes against the will of the patient. When did suicide become a sin, and who decided that it was? Opinion polls consistently show a majority of people professing all varieties of faiths support a change in the law for voluntary euthanasia. Even amongst Roman Catholics, more people support euthanasia than oppose (a poll in ScotlandRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Justified?2343 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 10 PagesCan Euthanasia be Justified? Euthanasia comes from two Greek words, Ã¢â‚¬ËœeuÃ¢â‚¬â„¢, meaning good or well and Ã¢â‚¬ËœthanatosÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ meaning death, so euthanasia means Ã¢â‚¬Ëœgood deathÃ¢â‚¬â„¢. A good death could be described as a peaceful, easy death in todayÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s terms. Most often, euthanasia is carried out actively or passively. Active euthanasia is when a person directly and deliberately causes the patientÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s death and passive euthanasia is when a person does not directly take the life of the patient but instead allows the patientRead MoreThere Is Nothing Beautiful About Death2298 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 10 PagesThere is nothing beautiful about death. And yet, we romanticize the idea by telling ourselves that the person passed is in a better place, depending on what religious order we belong to or personal beliefs. And while the concept of death is frightening to think about, from the moment of our birth, everyoneÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s destiny is death. Having conducted a personal survey on how a person would cho ose to die, ninety percent of twenty people reasoned they would prefer dying in their sleep. The reason being isRead MoreEuthanasia Should Be Legalized?1774 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 8 PagesEuthanasia Must Be Legalized The debates about euthanasia in the United States date all the way back to the 12th century. During this time, Christian values increased the publicÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s opinion against euthanasia. The church taught its followers that euthanasia not only injures individual people and their communities, but also violates GodÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s authority over life. This idea spread far and wide throughout the public until the 18th century when the renaissance and reformation writers attacked the church

Wednesday, January 1, 2020

GOVT 2107 exam and final exam questions Essay examples

GOVT 2107 EXAM 1 TEST answers solutions from actual Exam #1 Did the framers of the Constitution believe that all policy decisions should be made by majority vote of the people? Select one: a. Yes, because they thought that the citizens would not support policy decisions unless they were made by majority choice. b. Yes, because they believed that most policy decisions should be made by wealthier, better educated people. c. No, because they believed the minority was in a better position to make major policy decisions. d. No, because they feared that the majority would make policy decisions that would silence the minority. e. Yes, because they were advocates of direct democracy. Feedback: The correct answer is: D) No, becauseÃ¢â‚¬ ¦show more contentÃ¢â‚¬ ¦#10 Which of the following is NOT part of the formal process for amending the U.S. Constitution? Select one: a. The House votes to propose an amendment by a two-thirds margin. b. The president signs a proposal to amend the Constitution. c. A constitutional convention is convened if two-thirds of the states petition Congress for a convention. d. Three-fourths of the states ratify the proposed amendment. e. The Senate votes to propose an amendment by a two-thirds margin. Feedback: The correct answer is: B) The president signs a proposal to amend the Constitution. EXAM 2 test answers and solutions from actual exam 2 #1 The 1999 Texas constitutional revision effort resulted in which of the following? Select one: a. Consolidated power in the executive by creating a nine-member cabinet b. None of these are correct c. Instituted term limits for all elected state officeholders d. Created a veto session for the legislature (to meet after a post-session gubernatorial veto) e. Increased the terms of both houses, to 4 and 6 years Feedback: The correct answer is: B) None of these are correct #2 ______ led to the drafting of the 1861 Constitution. Select one: a. Recession b. Statehood c. Independence d. Secession e. Congressional reconstruction Feedback: The correct answer is: D) Secession #3 By 2009, the Texas Constitution had been amended Select one: a. 128 times. b. 17 times. c. 27 times. d. 254 times. e.

Argumentative essay for college